通过Grafana展示nginx容器指标
目标
本测试由三部分组成：
1）Nginx指标收集，由nginx-prometheus-exporter转化为prometheus可以处理的指标格式，这部分我们上一节已经完成，本节将复用我们做好的nginx-exporter:v0.2镜像。
2）配置Prometheus对指标进行收集（镜像https://hub.docker.com/r/prom/prometheus）
3）配置Grafana对指标进行展示（镜像https://hub.docker.com/r/grafana/grafana）
测试1：配置Prometheus对指标进行收集
首先，在宿主机上创建prometheus.yml文件，内容如下：
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
evaluation_interval: 15s
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'prometheus'
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:9090']
- job_name: 'nginx_exporter'
static_configs:
- targets: ['192.168.2.31:9113']
labels:
group: 'services'启动Prometheus容器：
docker run --name prometheus1 -d -p 9090:9090 -v $(pwd)/prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml prom/prometheus然后访问宿主机 http://192.168.2.31:9090/targets，获得如下界面即代表Prometheus和Nginx指标均可获取：
测试2：配置Grafana对指标进行展示
1）准备dashboard.json
首先我们需要定制一个适合展示prometheus收集回来的nginx的指标参数的dashboards仪表板模板，最快的方式是上官网的选择现成的，参考https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/
实际工作中，我们通常使用的nginx-vts-exporter能获得更多的指标。
这里我们自己定义一个适合nginx-prometheus-exporter指标的json文件，并命名为dashboard.json：
{
"annotations": {
"list": [
{
"builtIn": 1,
"datasource": "-- Grafana --",
"enable": true,
"hide": true,
"iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
"name": "Annotations & Alerts",
"type": "dashboard"
}
]
},
"editable": true,
"gnetId": null,
"graphTooltip": 0,
"id": 7,
"links": [],
"panels": [
{
"cacheTimeout": null,
"colorBackground": false,
"colorPostfix": false,
"colorPrefix": false,
"colorValue": true,
"colors": [
"#299c46",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"#d44a3a"
],
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"format": "none",
"gauge": {
"maxValue": 100,
"minValue": 0,
"show": false,
"thresholdLabels": false,
"thresholdMarkers": true
},
"gridPos": {
"h": 4,
"w": 12,
"x": 0,
"y": 0
},
"id": 4,
"interval": null,
"links": [],
"mappingType": 1,
"mappingTypes": [
{
"name": "value to text",
"value": 1
},
{
"name": "range to text",
"value": 2
}
],
"maxDataPoints": 100,
"nullPointMode": "connected",
"nullText": null,
"postfix": "",
"postfixFontSize": "50%",
"prefix": "",
"prefixFontSize": "50%",
"rangeMaps": [
{
"from": "null",
"text": "N/A",
"to": "null"
}
],
"sparkline": {
"fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
"full": false,
"lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
"show": false,
"ymax": null,
"ymin": null
},
"tableColumn": "",
"targets": [
{
"expr": "nginx_up",
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "",
"refId": "A"
}
],
"thresholds": "",
"timeFrom": null,
"timeShift": null,
"title": "Nginx Status",
"transparent": true,
"type": "singlestat",
"valueFontSize": "200%",
"valueMaps": [
{
"op": "=",
"text": "Down",
"value": "0"
},
{
"op": "=",
"text": "Up",
"value": "1"
}
],
"valueName": "current"
},
{
"cacheTimeout": null,
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"gridPos": {
"h": 4,
"w": 12,
"x": 12,
"y": 0
},
"id": 7,
"links": [],
"options": {
"fieldOptions": {
"calcs": [
"mean"
],
"defaults": {
"mappings": [],
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{
"color": "green",
"value": null
},
{
"color": "red",
"value": 80
}
]
}
},
"overrides": [],
"values": false
},
"orientation": "auto",
"showThresholdLabels": false,
"showThresholdMarkers": true
},
"pluginVersion": "6.7.3",
"targets": [
{
"expr": "nginx_http_requests_total",
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "",
"refId": "A"
},
{
"refId": "B"
},
{
"refId": "C"
}
],
"timeFrom": null,
"timeShift": null,
"title": "Nginx Total Request",
"transparent": true,
"type": "gauge"
},
{
"aliasColors": {},
"bars": false,
"cacheTimeout": null,
"dashLength": 10,
"dashes": false,
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"fill": 1,
"fillGradient": 0,
"gridPos": {
"h": 9,
"w": 12,
"x": 0,
"y": 4
},
"hiddenSeries": false,
"id": 2,
"legend": {
"alignAsTable": false,
"avg": false,
"current": false,
"max": false,
"min": false,
"rightSide": false,
"show": true,
"total": false,
"values": false
},
"lines": true,
"linewidth": 1,
"links": [],
"nullPointMode": "null",
"options": {
"dataLinks": []
},
"percentage": false,
"pluginVersion": "6.7.3",
"pointradius": 2,
"points": false,
"renderer": "flot",
"seriesOverrides": [],
"spaceLength": 10,
"stack": false,
"steppedLine": false,
"targets": [
{
"expr": "rate(nginx_connections_accepted[5m])",
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "accepted_rate",
"refId": "A"
},
{
"expr": "rate(nginx_connections_handled[5m])",
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "handled_rate",
"refId": "B"
}
],
"thresholds": [],
"timeFrom": null,
"timeRegions": [],
"timeShift": null,
"title": "Connection Rate",
"tooltip": {
"shared": true,
"sort": 0,
"value_type": "individual"
},
"type": "graph",
"xaxis": {
"buckets": null,
"mode": "time",
"name": null,
"show": true,
"values": []
},
"yaxes": [
{
"format": "short",
"label": null,
"logBase": 1,
"max": null,
"min": null,
"show": true
},
{
"format": "short",
"label": null,
"logBase": 1,
"max": null,
"min": null,
"show": true
}
],
"yaxis": {
"align": false,
"alignLevel": null
}
},
{
"aliasColors": {},
"bars": false,
"cacheTimeout": null,
"dashLength": 10,
"dashes": false,
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"fill": 1,
"fillGradient": 0,
"gridPos": {
"h": 9,
"w": 12,
"x": 12,
"y": 4
},
"hiddenSeries": false,
"id": 6,
"legend": {
"avg": false,
"current": false,
"max": false,
"min": false,
"show": true,
"total": false,
"values": false
},
"lines": true,
"linewidth": 1,
"links": [],
"nullPointMode": "null",
"options": {
"dataLinks": []
},
"percentage": false,
"pluginVersion": "6.7.3",
"pointradius": 2,
"points": false,
"renderer": "flot",
"seriesOverrides": [],
"spaceLength": 10,
"stack": false,
"steppedLine": false,
"targets": [
{
"expr": "nginx_connections_reading",
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "conn_reading",
"refId": "A"
},
{
"expr": "nginx_connections_waiting",
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "conn_waiting",
"refId": "B"
},
{
"expr": "nginx_connections_writing",
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "conn_writing",
"refId": "C"
}
],
"thresholds": [],
"timeFrom": null,
"timeRegions": [],
"timeShift": null,
"title": "Connection Status",
"tooltip": {
"shared": true,
"sort": 0,
"value_type": "individual"
},
"type": "graph",
"xaxis": {
"buckets": null,
"mode": "time",
"name": null,
"show": true,
"values": []
},
"yaxes": [
{
"format": "short",
"label": null,
"logBase": 1,
"max": null,
"min": null,
"show": true
},
{
"format": "short",
"label": null,
"logBase": 1,
"max": null,
"min": null,
"show": true
}
],
"yaxis": {
"align": false,
"alignLevel": null
}
}
],
"schemaVersion": 22,
"style": "dark",
"tags": [],
"templating": {
"list": []
},
"time": {
"from": "now-30m",
"to": "now"
},
"timepicker": {
"refresh_intervals": [
"5s",
"10s",
"30s",
"1m",
"5m",
"15m",
"30m",
"1h",
"2h",
"1d"
]
},
"timezone": "",
"title": "nginx-simon",
"uid": "b2yin83Zz",
"variables": {
"list": []
},
"version": 3
}2）准备provisioning文件
参考：https://grafana.com/docs/grafana/latest/administration/provisioning/
2-1）定义存放dashboard模板的目录
创建一个dashboard.yaml文件：
apiVersion: 1
providers:
- name: 'nginx'
orgId: 1
folder: 'dashboard1'
folderUid: ''
type: file
disableDeletion: false
editable: true
updateIntervalSeconds: 10
allowUiUpdates: false
options:
path: /var/lib/grafana/dashboards2-2）定义数据源
创建一个datasouce.yaml文件：
apiVersion: 1
datasources:
- name: Prometheus
type: prometheus
access: proxy
orgId: 1
url: http://192.168.2.31:9090
basicAuth: false
isDefault: true
version: 1
editable: true3）启动Grafana容器
docker run -d --name=grafana1 \
-v $(pwd)/grafana/dashboards/dashboard.json:/var/lib/grafana/dashboards/dashboard.json \
-v $(pwd)/grafana/provisioning/dashboard.yaml:/etc/grafana/provisioning/dashboards/dashboard.yaml \
-v $(pwd)/grafana/provisioning/datasource.yaml:/etc/grafana/provisioning/datasources/datasource.yaml \
-p 3000:3000 grafana/grafana现在宿主机上三个容器是：
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
04b5ee1a4128 grafana/grafana "/run.sh" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp grafana1
556ca4ec29f8 prom/prometheus "/bin/prometheus --c…" 12 hours ago Up 12 hours 0.0.0.0:9090->9090/tcp prometheus1
71dda6ff4612 nginx-exporter:v0.2 "/bin/sh /run.sh" 12 hours ago Up 12 hours 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9113->9113/tcp exporter2访问宿主机3000端口，打开Grafana，正常可以看到如下仪表板：
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